Pengembangan block

Ikhtisar

block adalah widget konten yang dapat digunakan kembali yang ditampilkan di sidebar theme dan area konten. Panduan ini mencakup pembuatan, konfigurasi, dan penyesuaian block XOOPS.

Struktur block

Definisi block di xoops_version.php

$modversion['blocks'][] = [
    'file'        => 'blocks/recent.php',
    'name'        => '_MI_MYMODULE_BLOCK_RECENT',
    'description' => '_MI_MYMODULE_BLOCK_RECENT_DESC',
    'show_func'   => 'mymodule_recent_show',
    'edit_func'   => 'mymodule_recent_edit',
    'template'    => 'mymodule_block_recent.tpl',
    'options'     => '10|0|date',  // Default options: limit|category|sort
];

Parameter Blokir

Parameter	Deskripsi
file	File PHP berisi fungsi block
name	Konstanta bahasa untuk judul block
description	Konstanta bahasa untuk deskripsi
show_func	Berfungsi untuk merender konten block
edit_func	Berfungsi untuk merender bentuk opsi block
template	File template Smarty
options	Opsi default yang dipisahkan pipa

Fungsi Blokir

Tampilkan Fungsi

blocks/recent.php

function mymodule_recent_show(array $options): array
{
    // Parse options
    $limit = (int) ($options[0] ?? 10);
    $categoryId = (int) ($options[1] ?? 0);
    $sortBy = $options[2] ?? 'date';

    // Get module helper
    $helper = \Xmf\Module\Helper::getHelper('mymodule');
    $handler = $helper->getHandler('Item');

    // Build criteria
    $criteria = new \CriteriaCompo();
    $criteria->add(new \Criteria('status', 'published'));

    if ($categoryId > 0) {
        $criteria->add(new \Criteria('category_id', $categoryId));
    }

    $criteria->setSort($sortBy === 'popular' ? 'views' : 'created_at');
    $criteria->setOrder('DESC');
    $criteria->setLimit($limit);

    // Fetch items
    $items = $handler->getObjects($criteria);

    // Build block array
    $block = [];
    foreach ($items as $item) {
        $block['items'][] = [
            'id'      => $item->getVar('id'),
            'title'   => $item->getVar('title'),
            'link'    => $helper->url("item.php?id=" . $item->getVar('id')),
            'date'    => formatTimestamp($item->getVar('created_at'), 's'),
            'summary' => $item->getVar('summary'),
            'views'   => $item->getVar('views'),
        ];
    }

    $block['show_summary'] = $helper->getConfig('block_show_summary');

    return $block;
}

Fungsi Pengeditan

function mymodule_recent_edit(array $options): string
{
    $helper = \Xmf\Module\Helper::getHelper('mymodule');

    // Option 1: Number of items
    $form = _MI_MYMODULE_BLOCK_LIMIT . ': ';
    $form .= '<input type="text" name="options[0]" value="' . ($options[0] ?? 10) . '" size="5">';
    $form .= '<br>';

    // Option 2: Category select
    $form .= _MI_MYMODULE_BLOCK_CATEGORY . ': ';
    $form .= '<select name="options[1]">';
    $form .= '<option value="0">' . _ALL . '</option>';

    $categoryHandler = $helper->getHandler('Category');
    $categories = $categoryHandler->getObjects();
    foreach ($categories as $cat) {
        $selected = ($cat->getVar('id') == ($options[1] ?? 0)) ? ' selected' : '';
        $form .= '<option value="' . $cat->getVar('id') . '"' . $selected . '>';
        $form .= $cat->getVar('name') . '</option>';
    }
    $form .= '</select><br>';

    // Option 3: Sort order
    $form .= _MI_MYMODULE_BLOCK_SORT . ': ';
    $form .= '<select name="options[2]">';
    $sortOptions = ['date' => _MI_MYMODULE_SORT_DATE, 'popular' => _MI_MYMODULE_SORT_POPULAR];
    foreach ($sortOptions as $value => $label) {
        $selected = ($value == ($options[2] ?? 'date')) ? ' selected' : '';
        $form .= '<option value="' . $value . '"' . $selected . '>' . $label . '</option>';
    }
    $form .= '</select>';

    return $form;
}

template Blokir

{* templates/blocks/mymodule_block_recent.tpl *}
<div class="mymodule-block-recent">
    <{if $block.items}>
        <ul class="item-list">
            <{foreach item=item from=$block.items}>
            <li class="item">
                <a href="<{$item.link}>" class="item-title">
                    <{$item.title}>
                </a>
                <{if $block.show_summary && $item.summary}>
                    <p class="item-summary"><{$item.summary|truncate:100}></p>
                <{/if}>
                <span class="item-meta">
                    <span class="date"><{$item.date}></span>
                    <span class="views"><{$item.views}> views</span>
                </span>
            </li>
            <{/foreach}>
        </ul>
    <{else}>
        <p class="no-items"><{$smarty.const._MI_MYMODULE_NO_ITEMS}></p>
    <{/if}>
</div>

Blokir dengan Dukungan Klon

block yang dapat dikloning memungkinkan banyak kejadian:

$modversion['blocks'][] = [
    'file'        => 'blocks/category.php',
    'name'        => '_MI_MYMODULE_BLOCK_CATEGORY',
    'description' => '_MI_MYMODULE_BLOCK_CATEGORY_DESC',
    'show_func'   => 'mymodule_category_show',
    'edit_func'   => 'mymodule_category_edit',
    'template'    => 'mymodule_block_category.tpl',
    'options'     => '0',
    'can_clone'   => true,  // Enable cloning
];

Konten block Dinamis

block Bermuatan AJAX

function mymodule_ajax_show(array $options): array
{
    $block = [
        'block_id'  => $options['bid'] ?? 0,
        'ajax_url'  => XOOPS_URL . '/modules/mymodule/ajax/block.php',
        'interval'  => (int) ($options[0] ?? 30),  // Refresh interval in seconds
    ];

    return $block;
}

{* Template with AJAX refresh *}
<div id="mymodule-block-<{$block.block_id}>" class="ajax-block">
    <div class="block-content"></div>
</div>

<script>
(function() {
    const container = document.getElementById('mymodule-block-<{$block.block_id}>');
    const url = '<{$block.ajax_url}>?bid=<{$block.block_id}>';

    function loadContent() {
        fetch(url)
            .then(response => response.text())
            .then(html => {
                container.querySelector('.block-content').innerHTML = html;
            });
    }

    loadContent();
    setInterval(loadContent, <{$block.interval}> * 1000);
})();
</script>

Praktik Terbaik

1. Hasil Cache - Cache kueri mahal
2. Validasi Opsi - Selalu validasi opsi block
3. Escape Output - Sanitasi semua konten pengguna
4. Gunakan Kriteria - Buat kueri dengan kelas Kriteria
5. Batasi Kueri - Tetapkan batas kinerja yang wajar
6. Template Responsif - Pastikan block berfungsi di perangkat seluler

Dokumentasi Terkait

• Pengembangan module - Panduan pembuatan module
• ../02-Core-Concepts/Templates/Smarty-Templating - Sintaks template
• ../04-API-Reference/Template/Template-System - Mesin template XOOPS
• xoops_version.php - Manifes module