Praktik Terbaik Pengembangan module

Ikhtisar

Dokumen ini menggabungkan praktik terbaik untuk mengembangkan module XOOPS berkualitas tinggi. Mengikuti pedoman ini memastikan module dapat dipelihara, aman, dan berkinerja baik.

Arsitektur

Ikuti Arsitektur Bersih

Atur kode menjadi beberapa lapisan:

src/
├── Domain/          # Business logic, entities
├── Application/     # Use cases, services
├── Infrastructure/  # Database, external services
└── Presentation/    # Controllers, templates

Tanggung Jawab Tunggal

Setiap kelas harus memiliki satu alasan untuk berubah:

// Good: Focused classes
class ArticleRepository { /* persistence only */ }
class ArticleValidator { /* validation only */ }
class ArticleNotifier { /* notifications only */ }

// Bad: God class
class Article {
    public function save() { }
    public function validate() { }
    public function notify() { }
    public function generatePDF() { }
}

Injeksi Ketergantungan

Suntikkan dependensi, jangan buat:

// Good
public function __construct(
    private readonly ArticleRepositoryInterface $repository
) {}

// Bad
public function __construct() {
    $this->repository = new ArticleRepository();
}

Kualitas Kode

Jenis Keamanan

Gunakan tipe dan deklarasi tipe yang ketat:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

final class ArticleService
{
    public function findById(int $id): ?Article
    {
        // ...
    }

    public function create(CreateArticleDTO $dto): Article
    {
        // ...
    }
}

Penanganan Kesalahan

Gunakan pengecualian dengan tepat:

// Throw specific exceptions
throw new ArticleNotFoundException($id);
throw new ValidationException($errors);
throw new UnauthorizedException('Cannot edit this article');

// Catch at appropriate level
try {
    $article = $service->create($dto);
} catch (ValidationException $e) {
    return $this->renderForm($e->getErrors());
} catch (UnauthorizedException $e) {
    return $this->redirectToLogin();
}

Keamanan Nol

Hindari null jika memungkinkan:

// Use null object pattern
public function getAuthor(): UserInterface
{
    return $this->author ?? new AnonymousUser();
}

// Use Optional/Maybe pattern
public function findById(int $id): ?Article
{
    // Explicitly nullable return
}

Basis Data

Gunakan Kriteria untuk Kueri

$criteria = new CriteriaCompo();
$criteria->add(new Criteria('status', 'published'));
$criteria->add(new Criteria('category_id', $categoryId));
$criteria->setSort('created_at');
$criteria->setOrder('DESC');
$criteria->setLimit($limit);

$items = $handler->getObjects($criteria);

Keluar dari Masukan Pengguna

$sql = sprintf(
    "SELECT * FROM %s WHERE id = %d AND title = %s",
    $db->prefix('mymodule_items'),
    intval($id),
    $db->quoteString($title)
);

Gunakan Transaksi

$db->query('START TRANSACTION');

try {
    $handler->insert($article);
    $handler->insert($metadata);
    $db->query('COMMIT');
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    $db->query('ROLLBACK');
    throw $e;
}

Keamanan

Selalu Validasi Input

use Xmf\Request;

$id = Request::getInt('id', 0);
$title = Request::getString('title', '');
$data = Request::getArray('data', []);

// Additional validation
if (strlen($title) < 5) {
    throw new ValidationException('Title too short');
}

Gunakan Token CSRF

// In form
$form->addElement(new XoopsFormHiddenToken());

// On submit
if (!$GLOBALS['xoopsSecurity']->check()) {
    redirect_header('index.php', 3, 'Invalid token');
}

Periksa Izin

if (!$helper->isUserAdmin()) {
    redirect_header('index.php', 3, _NOPERM);
}

if (!$permHandler->isGranted('edit', $categoryId)) {
    throw new UnauthorizedException();
}

Kinerja

Gunakan Caching

$cache = $helper->getCache();
$cacheKey = "articles_{$categoryId}_{$limit}";

$articles = $cache->read($cacheKey);
if ($articles === false) {
    $articles = $handler->getArticles($categoryId, $limit);
    $cache->write($cacheKey, $articles, 3600);
}

Optimalkan Kueri

// Use indexes
// Add to sql/mysql.sql:
// INDEX `idx_status_date` (`status`, `created_at`)

// Select only needed columns
$handler->getObjects($criteria, false, true); // asArray = true

// Use pagination
$criteria->setLimit($perPage);
$criteria->setStart($offset);

Pengujian

Tulis Tes Unit

public function testCreateArticle(): void
{
    $repository = $this->createMock(ArticleRepositoryInterface::class);
    $repository->expects($this->once())->method('save');

    $service = new ArticleService($repository);
    $dto = new CreateArticleDTO('Title', 'Content');

    $article = $service->create($dto);

    $this->assertInstanceOf(Article::class, $article);
}

Dokumentasi Terkait

• Kode Bersih - Prinsip kode bersih
• Kode-Organisasi - Struktur proyek
• Pengujian - Panduan pengujian
• ../02-Core-Concepts/Security/Security-Best-Practices - Panduan keamanan