XOOPS 中的 DTO 模式
XOOPS 中的 DTO 模式(數據傳輸對象)
Section titled “XOOPS 中的 DTO 模式(數據傳輸對象)”2.5.x ✅ 4.0.x ✅
數據傳輸對象(DTO)是用於在應用程序的不同層之間傳輸數據的簡單對象。DTO 幫助維護層之間的清晰邊界並減少對實體對象的依賴。
DTO 概念
Section titled “DTO 概念”什麼是 DTO?
Section titled “什麼是 DTO?”DTO 是:
- 具有屬性的簡單值對象
- 創建後不可變或只讀
- 沒有業務邏輯或方法
- 針對數據傳輸進行優化
- 獨立於持久化機制
何時使用 DTO
Section titled “何時使用 DTO”在以下情況下使用 DTO:
- 在層之間傳輸數據
- 通過 API 公開數據
- 聚合來自多個實體的數據
- 隱藏內部實現細節
- 為不同的消費者更改數據結構
基本 DTO 實現
Section titled “基本 DTO 實現”<?phpclass UserDTO{ private $id; private $username; private $email; private $isActive; private $createdAt;
public function __construct($entity = null) { if ($entity instanceof User) { $this->id = $entity->getId(); $this->username = $entity->getUsername(); $this->email = $entity->getEmail(); $this->isActive = $entity->isActive(); $this->createdAt = $entity->getCreatedAt(); } }
// 只讀訪問器 public function getId() { return $this->id; } public function getUsername() { return $this->username; } public function getEmail() { return $this->email; } public function isActive() { return $this->isActive; } public function getCreatedAt() { return $this->createdAt; }
public function toArray() { return [ 'id' => $this->id, 'username' => $this->username, 'email' => $this->email, 'isActive' => $this->isActive, 'createdAt' => $this->createdAt, ]; }
public function toJson() { return json_encode($this->toArray()); }}?>請求/輸入 DTO
Section titled “請求/輸入 DTO”<?phpclass CreateUserRequestDTO{ private $username; private $email; private $password; private $errors = [];
public function __construct(array $data) { $this->username = $data['username'] ?? ''; $this->email = $data['email'] ?? ''; $this->password = $data['password'] ?? '';
$this->validate(); }
private function validate() { if (empty($this->username) || strlen($this->username) < 3) { $this->errors['username'] = 'Username too short'; }
if (empty($this->email) || !filter_var($this->email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) { $this->errors['email'] = 'Invalid email'; }
if (empty($this->password) || strlen($this->password) < 6) { $this->errors['password'] = 'Password too short'; } }
public function isValid() { return empty($this->errors); }
public function getErrors() { return $this->errors; }
public function getUsername() { return $this->username; } public function getEmail() { return $this->email; } public function getPassword() { return $this->password; }}?>在服務中的使用
Section titled “在服務中的使用”<?phpclass UserService{ public function createUserFromRequest(CreateUserRequestDTO $dto) { if (!$dto->isValid()) { throw new ValidationException('Invalid input', $dto->getErrors()); }
$user = new User(); $user->setUsername($dto->getUsername()); $user->setEmail($dto->getEmail()); $user->setPassword($dto->getPassword());
$userId = $this->userRepository->save($user);
return new UserDTO($user); }}?>在 API 控制器中的使用
Section titled “在 API 控制器中的使用”<?phpclass ApiController{ public function createUserAction() { $input = json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), true); $dto = new CreateUserRequestDTO($input);
if (!$dto->isValid()) { http_response_code(400); return ['success' => false, 'errors' => $dto->getErrors()]; }
try { $userDTO = $this->userService->createUserFromRequest($dto); http_response_code(201); return ['success' => true, 'data' => $userDTO->toArray()]; } catch (\Exception $e) { http_response_code(500); return ['success' => false, 'message' => $e->getMessage()]; } }}?>- 保持 DTO 專注且具體
- 使 DTO 不可變或只讀
- 不在 DTO 中包含業務邏輯
- 為輸入和輸出使用單獨的 DTO
- 清楚地記錄 DTO 屬性
- 保持 DTO 簡單 - 僅作為數據容器
另見:
- Service-Layer 用於服務集成
- Repository-Pattern 用於數據訪問
- MVC-Pattern 用於控制器使用
- Testing 用於 DTO 測試
標籤: #dto #data-transfer-objects #design-patterns #module-development