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模組開發最佳實踐

本文件彙總了開發高品質 XOOPS 模組的最佳實踐。遵循這些指南可確保可維護、安全和高效的模組。

將程式碼組織成層:

src/
├── Domain/ # 業務邏輯、實體
├── Application/ # 使用案例、服務
├── Infrastructure/ # 資料庫、外部服務
└── Presentation/ # 控制器、範本

每個類別應該只有一個變更原因:

// 好: 集中的類別
class ArticleRepository { /* 持久性僅 */ }
class ArticleValidator { /* 驗證僅 */ }
class ArticleNotifier { /* 通知僅 */ }
// 差: 神祇類別
class Article {
public function save() { }
public function validate() { }
public function notify() { }
public function generatePDF() { }
}

注入依賴,不要建立它們:

// 好
public function __construct(
private readonly ArticleRepositoryInterface $repository
) {}
// 差
public function __construct() {
$this->repository = new ArticleRepository();
}

使用嚴格型別和型別宣告:

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
final class ArticleService
{
public function findById(int $id): ?Article
{
// ...
}
public function create(CreateArticleDTO $dto): Article
{
// ...
}
}

適當使用例外狀況:

// 擲回特定例外狀況
throw new ArticleNotFoundException($id);
throw new ValidationException($errors);
throw new UnauthorizedException('Cannot edit this article');
// 在適當層級擷取
try {
$article = $service->create($dto);
} catch (ValidationException $e) {
return $this->renderForm($e->getErrors());
} catch (UnauthorizedException $e) {
return $this->redirectToLogin();
}

盡可能避免空值:

// 使用空物件模式
public function getAuthor(): UserInterface
{
return $this->author ?? new AnonymousUser();
}
// 使用選用的/可能模式
public function findById(int $id): ?Article
{
// 明確可為空的傳回
}
$criteria = new CriteriaCompo();
$criteria->add(new Criteria('status', 'published'));
$criteria->add(new Criteria('category_id', $categoryId));
$criteria->setSort('created_at');
$criteria->setOrder('DESC');
$criteria->setLimit($limit);
$items = $handler->getObjects($criteria);
$sql = sprintf(
"SELECT * FROM %s WHERE id = %d AND title = %s",
$db->prefix('mymodule_items'),
intval($id),
$db->quoteString($title)
);
$db->query('START TRANSACTION');
try {
$handler->insert($article);
$handler->insert($metadata);
$db->query('COMMIT');
} catch (\Exception $e) {
$db->query('ROLLBACK');
throw $e;
}
use Xmf\Request;
$id = Request::getInt('id', 0);
$title = Request::getString('title', '');
$data = Request::getArray('data', []);
// 其他驗證
if (strlen($title) < 5) {
throw new ValidationException('Title too short');
}
// 在表單中
$form->addElement(new XoopsFormHiddenToken());
// 在提交時
if (!$GLOBALS['xoopsSecurity']->check()) {
redirect_header('index.php', 3, 'Invalid token');
}
if (!$helper->isUserAdmin()) {
redirect_header('index.php', 3, _NOPERM);
}
if (!$permHandler->isGranted('edit', $categoryId)) {
throw new UnauthorizedException();
}
$cache = $helper->getCache();
$cacheKey = "articles_{$categoryId}_{$limit}";
$articles = $cache->read($cacheKey);
if ($articles === false) {
$articles = $handler->getArticles($categoryId, $limit);
$cache->write($cacheKey, $articles, 3600);
}
// 使用索引
// 新增至 sql/mysql.sql:
// INDEX `idx_status_date` (`status`, `created_at`)
// 僅選擇需要的列
$handler->getObjects($criteria, false, true); // asArray = true
// 使用分頁
$criteria->setLimit($perPage);
$criteria->setStart($offset);
public function testCreateArticle(): void
{
$repository = $this->createMock(ArticleRepositoryInterface::class);
$repository->expects($this->once())->method('save');
$service = new ArticleService($repository);
$dto = new CreateArticleDTO('Title', 'Content');
$article = $service->create($dto);
$this->assertInstanceOf(Article::class, $article);
}
  • Clean-Code - 清潔程式碼原則
  • Code-Organization - 專案結構
  • Testing - 測試指南
  • ../02-Core-Concepts/Security/Security-Best-Practices - 安全指南