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XOOPS için Temiz Kod İlkeleri

Temiz kod, okunması, anlaşılması ve bakımı kolay olan koddur. Bu kılavuz, özellikle XOOPS modülü geliştirmede uygulanan temiz kod ilkelerini kapsar.

mindmap
root((Clean Code))
Readability
Meaningful Names
Small Functions
Comments When Needed
Simplicity
Single Responsibility
DRY Principle
KISS Principle
Maintainability
Consistent Style
Error Handling
Testing
// Bad
$d = new DateTime();
$u = $memberHandler->getUser($id);
$arr = [];
// Good
$createdDate = new DateTime();
$currentUser = $memberHandler->getUser($userId);
$publishedArticles = [];
// Bad
function process($data) { ... }
function handle($item) { ... }
function doStuff($x, $y) { ... }
// Good
function publishArticle(Article $article): void { ... }
function calculateTotalPrice(array $items): float { ... }
function sendNotificationEmail(User $user, string $subject): bool { ... }
// Bad
class Manager { ... }
class Helper { ... }
class Utils { ... }
// Good
class ArticleRepository { ... }
class NotificationService { ... }
class PermissionChecker { ... }
// Bad - does too many things
function processArticle($data) {
// Validate
if (empty($data['title'])) {
throw new Exception('Title required');
}
// Save
$article = new Article();
$article->setTitle($data['title']);
$this->repository->save($article);
// Notify
$this->mailer->send($article->getAuthor(), 'Article published');
// Log
$this->logger->info('Article created');
return $article;
}
// Good - each function does one thing
function validateArticleData(array $data): void
{
if (empty($data['title'])) {
throw new ValidationException('Title required');
}
}
function createArticle(array $data): Article
{
$this->validateArticleData($data);
return Article::create($data['title'], $data['content']);
}
function publishArticle(Article $article): void
{
$this->repository->save($article);
$this->notifyAuthor($article);
$this->logArticleCreation($article);
}

İşlevleri kısa tutun; ideal olarak 20 satırın altında:

// Good - focused function
public function getPublishedArticles(int $limit = 10): array
{
$criteria = new CriteriaCompo();
$criteria->add(new Criteria('status', 'published'));
$criteria->setSort('published_at');
$criteria->setOrder('DESC');
$criteria->setLimit($limit);
return $this->repository->getObjects($criteria);
}
// Bad - repeated code
function getActiveUsers() {
$criteria = new CriteriaCompo();
$criteria->add(new Criteria('level', 0, '>'));
$criteria->setSort('uname');
return $this->userHandler->getObjects($criteria);
}
function getActiveAdmins() {
$criteria = new CriteriaCompo();
$criteria->add(new Criteria('level', 0, '>'));
$criteria->add(new Criteria('is_admin', 1));
$criteria->setSort('uname');
return $this->userHandler->getObjects($criteria);
}
// Good - shared logic extracted
function getUsers(CriteriaCompo $criteria): array
{
$criteria->add(new Criteria('level', 0, '>'));
$criteria->setSort('uname');
return $this->userHandler->getObjects($criteria);
}
function getActiveUsers(): array
{
return $this->getUsers(new CriteriaCompo());
}
function getActiveAdmins(): array
{
$criteria = new CriteriaCompo();
$criteria->add(new Criteria('is_admin', 1));
return $this->getUsers($criteria);
}
// Bad - generic exceptions
throw new Exception('Error');
// Good - specific exceptions
throw new ArticleNotFoundException($articleId);
throw new PermissionDeniedException('Cannot edit article');
throw new ValidationException(['title' => 'Title is required']);
public function findArticle(string $id): ?Article
{
try {
return $this->repository->findById($id);
} catch (DatabaseException $e) {
$this->logger->error('Database error finding article', [
'id' => $id,
'error' => $e->getMessage()
]);
throw new ServiceException('Unable to retrieve article', 0, $e);
}
}
// Bad - obvious comment
// Increment counter
$counter++;
// Good - explains why, not what
// Cache for 1 hour to reduce database load during peak traffic
$cache->set($key, $data, 3600);
// Good - documents complex algorithm
/**
* Calculate article relevance score using TF-IDF algorithm.
* Higher scores indicate better match with search terms.
*/
function calculateRelevanceScore(Article $article, array $terms): float
{
// ...
}
class ArticleService
{
// 1. Constants
private const MAX_TITLE_LENGTH = 255;
// 2. Properties
private ArticleRepository $repository;
private EventDispatcher $events;
// 3. Constructor
public function __construct(
ArticleRepository $repository,
EventDispatcher $events
) {
$this->repository = $repository;
$this->events = $events;
}
// 4. Public methods
public function publish(Article $article): void { ... }
public function archive(Article $article): void { ... }
// 5. Private methods
private function validateForPublication(Article $article): void { ... }
}
  • İsimler anlamlı ve telaffuz edilebilir
  • İşlevler yalnızca tek bir şeyi yapar
  • Fonksiyonlar küçüktür (< 20 satır)
  • Yinelenen kod yok
  • Belirli istisnalar dışında doğru hata yönetimi
  • Yorumlar “neyi” değil “neden”i açıklar
  • Tutarlı biçimlendirme ve stil
  • Sihirli sayı veya dize yok
  • Bağımlılıklar oluşturulmaz, enjekte edilir
  • Kod Organizasyonu
  • Hata İşleme
  • En İyi Uygulamaların Test Edilmesi
  • PHP Standartlar