Najboljše prakse za razvoj modulov

Pregled

Ta dokument združuje najboljše prakse za razvoj visokokakovostnih XOOPS modulov. Upoštevanje teh smernic zagotavlja vzdrževanje, varnost in učinkovitost modulov.

Arhitektura

Sledite čisti arhitekturi

Organizirajte kodo v plasti:

src/
├── Domain/          # Business logic, entities
├── Application/     # Use cases, services
├── Infrastructure/  # Database, external services
└── Presentation/    # Controllers, templates

Ena odgovornost

Vsak razred mora imeti en razlog za spremembo:

// Good: Focused classes
class ArticleRepository { /* persistence only */ }
class ArticleValidator { /* validation only */ }
class ArticleNotifier { /* notifications only */ }

// Bad: God class
class Article {
    public function save() { }
    public function validate() { }
    public function notify() { }
    public function generatePDF() { }
}

Injekcija odvisnosti

Vnesite odvisnosti, ne ustvarite jih:

// Good
public function __construct(
    private readonly ArticleRepositoryInterface $repository
) {}

// Bad
public function __construct() {
    $this->repository = new ArticleRepository();
}

Kakovost kode

Vrsta varnosti

Uporabite stroge tipe in deklaracije tipov:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

final class ArticleService
{
    public function findById(int $id): ?Article
    {
        // ...
    }

    public function create(CreateArticleDTO $dto): Article
    {
        // ...
    }
}

Obravnava napak

Ustrezno uporabite izjeme:

// Throw specific exceptions
throw new ArticleNotFoundException($id);
throw new ValidationException($errors);
throw new UnauthorizedException('Cannot edit this article');

// Catch at appropriate level
try {
    $article = $service->create($dto);
} catch (ValidationException $e) {
    return $this->renderForm($e->getErrors());
} catch (UnauthorizedException $e) {
    return $this->redirectToLogin();
}

Null Safety

Izogibajte se ničelni vrednosti, kjer je to mogoče:

// Use null object pattern
public function getAuthor(): UserInterface
{
    return $this->author ?? new AnonymousUser();
}

// Use Optional/Maybe pattern
public function findById(int $id): ?Article
{
    // Explicitly nullable return
}

Baza podatkov

Uporabite merila za poizvedbe

$criteria = new CriteriaCompo();
$criteria->add(new Criteria('status', 'published'));
$criteria->add(new Criteria('category_id', $categoryId));
$criteria->setSort('created_at');
$criteria->setOrder('DESC');
$criteria->setLimit($limit);

$items = $handler->getObjects($criteria);

Escape User Input

$sql = sprintf(
    "SELECT * FROM %s WHERE id = %d AND title = %s",
    $db->prefix('mymodule_items'),
    intval($id),
    $db->quoteString($title)
);

Uporabite Transakcije

$db->query('START TRANSACTION');

try {
    $handler->insert($article);
    $handler->insert($metadata);
    $db->query('COMMIT');
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    $db->query('ROLLBACK');
    throw $e;
}

Varnost

Vedno potrdi vnos

use Xmf\Request;

$id = Request::getInt('id', 0);
$title = Request::getString('title', '');
$data = Request::getArray('data', []);

// Additional validation
if (strlen($title) < 5) {
    throw new ValidationException('Title too short');
}

Uporabite CSRF žetonov

// In form
$form->addElement(new XoopsFormHiddenToken());

// On submit
if (!$GLOBALS['xoopsSecurity']->check()) {
    redirect_header('index.php', 3, 'Invalid token');
}

Preverite dovoljenja

if (!$helper->isUserAdmin()) {
    redirect_header('index.php', 3, _NOPERM);
}

if (!$permHandler->isGranted('edit', $categoryId)) {
    throw new UnauthorizedException();
}

Zmogljivost

Uporabite predpomnjenje

$cache = $helper->getCache();
$cacheKey = "articles_{$categoryId}_{$limit}";

$articles = $cache->read($cacheKey);
if ($articles === false) {
    $articles = $handler->getArticles($categoryId, $limit);
    $cache->write($cacheKey, $articles, 3600);
}

Optimizirajte poizvedbe

// Use indexes
// Add to sql/mysql.sql:
// INDEX `idx_status_date` (`status`, `created_at`)

// Select only needed columns
$handler->getObjects($criteria, false, true); // asArray = true

// Use pagination
$criteria->setLimit($perPage);
$criteria->setStart($offset);

Testiranje

Napišite teste enot

public function testCreateArticle(): void
{
    $repository = $this->createMock(ArticleRepositoryInterface::class);
    $repository->expects($this->once())->method('save');

    $service = new ArticleService($repository);
    $dto = new CreateArticleDTO('Title', 'Content');

    $article = $service->create($dto);

    $this->assertInstanceOf(Article::class, $article);
}

Povezana dokumentacija

• Clean-Code - Načela čiste kode
• Organizacija kode - Struktura projekta
• Testiranje - Vodnik za testiranje
• ../02-Core-Concepts/Security/Security-Best-Practices - Varnostni vodnik