Beveiligingsrichtlijnen

Overzicht

Dit document schetst de best practices op het gebied van beveiliging voor de ontwikkeling van XOOPS, waaronder invoervalidatie, uitvoercodering, authenticatie, autorisatie en bescherming tegen veelvoorkomende webkwetsbaarheden.

Beveiligingsprincipes

flowchart TB
    subgraph "Defense in Depth"
        A[Input Validation] --> B[Authentication]
        B --> C[Authorization]
        C --> D[Data Sanitization]
        D --> E[Output Encoding]
        E --> F[Audit Logging]
    end

Invoervalidatie

Verzoek om ontsmetting

use Xoops\Core\Request;

// Always use typed getters
$id = Request::getInt('id', 0, 'GET');
$name = Request::getString('name', '', 'POST');
$email = Request::getEmail('email', '', 'POST');
$url = Request::getUrl('website', '', 'POST');

// Never use raw $_GET/$_POST/$_REQUEST
// Bad: $id = $_GET['id'];
// Good: $id = Request::getInt('id', 0, 'GET');

Validatieregels

// Validate before use
if ($id <= 0) {
    throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid ID');
}

if (!preg_match('/^[a-zA-Z0-9_]{3,50}$/', $username)) {
    throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid username format');
}

// Use whitelist validation for enums
$allowedStatuses = ['draft', 'published', 'archived'];
if (!in_array($status, $allowedStatuses, true)) {
    throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid status');
}

SQL Injectiepreventie

Gebruik geparametriseerde zoekopdrachten

// GOOD: Parameterized query
$sql = "SELECT * FROM {$xoopsDB->prefix('users')} WHERE uid = ?";
$result = $xoopsDB->query($sql, [$userId]);

// BAD: String concatenation (vulnerable!)
// $sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE uid = " . $userId;

Criteriaobjecten gebruiken

use Criteria;
use CriteriaCompo;

$criteria = new CriteriaCompo();
$criteria->add(new Criteria('status', 'published'));
$criteria->add(new Criteria('uid', $userId, '='));
$criteria->add(new Criteria('created', time() - 86400, '>'));

$articles = $articleHandler->getObjects($criteria);

XSS Preventie

Uitvoercodering

use Xoops\Core\Text\Sanitizer;

// HTML context
$safeName = htmlspecialchars($userName, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');

// In templates (auto-escaped)
{$userName|escape}

// For rich content
$sanitizer = Sanitizer::getInstance();
$safeContent = $sanitizer->sanitizeForDisplay($content);

Inhoudsbeveiligingsbeleid

// Set CSP headers
header("Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'");

CSRF-bescherming

Token-implementatie

// Generate token
use Xoops\Core\Security;

$token = Security::createToken();

// In form
echo '<input type="hidden" name="XOOPS_TOKEN_REQUEST" value="' . $token . '">';

// Verify on submission
if (!Security::checkToken()) {
    die('Security token mismatch');
}

XoopsForm gebruiken

// Automatically adds CSRF token
$form = new XoopsThemeForm('Edit Article', 'articleform', 'save.php');
$form->addElement(new XoopsFormHiddenToken());

Authenticatie

Wachtwoordverwerking

// Hash passwords (PHP 5.5+)
$hashedPassword = password_hash($plainPassword, PASSWORD_ARGON2ID);

// Verify passwords
if (password_verify($plainPassword, $storedHash)) {
    // Password correct
}

// Check if rehash needed
if (password_needs_rehash($storedHash, PASSWORD_ARGON2ID)) {
    $newHash = password_hash($plainPassword, PASSWORD_ARGON2ID);
    // Update stored hash
}

Sessiebeveiliging

// Regenerate session ID after login
session_regenerate_id(true);

// Set secure session cookie options
ini_set('session.cookie_httponly', 1);
ini_set('session.cookie_secure', 1);
ini_set('session.cookie_samesite', 'Lax');

Autorisatie

Toestemmingscontroles

// Check module admin
if (!$xoopsUser || !$xoopsUser->isAdmin($xoopsModule->mid())) {
    redirect_header('index.php', 3, 'Access denied');
}

// Check group permissions
$grouppermHandler = xoops_getHandler('groupperm');
$groups = $xoopsUser ? $xoopsUser->getGroups() : [XOOPS_GROUP_ANONYMOUS];

if (!$grouppermHandler->checkRight('view_item', $itemId, $groups, $moduleId)) {
    throw new AccessDeniedException('Permission denied');
}

Op rollen gebaseerde toegang

class PermissionChecker
{
    public function canEdit(Article $article, ?XoopsUser $user): bool
    {
        if (!$user) {
            return false;
        }

        // Admin can edit anything
        if ($user->isAdmin()) {
            return true;
        }

        // Author can edit their own
        if ($article->getAuthorId() === $user->uid()) {
            return true;
        }

        // Check editor permission
        return $this->hasPermission($user, 'article_edit');
    }
}

Beveiliging van bestandsuploads

class SecureUploader
{
    private array $allowedMimeTypes = [
        'image/jpeg',
        'image/png',
        'image/gif'
    ];

    private array $allowedExtensions = ['jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'gif'];

    public function validate(array $file): bool
    {
        // Check file size
        if ($file['size'] > 2 * 1024 * 1024) {
            throw new FileTooLargeException();
        }

        // Verify MIME type
        $finfo = new finfo(FILEINFO_MIME_TYPE);
        $mimeType = $finfo->file($file['tmp_name']);

        if (!in_array($mimeType, $this->allowedMimeTypes, true)) {
            throw new InvalidFileTypeException();
        }

        // Check extension
        $extension = strtolower(pathinfo($file['name'], PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
        if (!in_array($extension, $this->allowedExtensions, true)) {
            throw new InvalidFileTypeException();
        }

        // Generate safe filename
        return true;
    }

    public function generateSafeFilename(string $original): string
    {
        $extension = strtolower(pathinfo($original, PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
        return bin2hex(random_bytes(16)) . '.' . $extension;
    }
}

Auditregistratie

class SecurityLogger
{
    public function logAuthAttempt(string $username, bool $success, string $ip): void
    {
        $data = [
            'username' => $username,
            'success' => $success,
            'ip' => $ip,
            'user_agent' => $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] ?? '',
            'timestamp' => time()
        ];

        // Log to database or file
        $this->log('auth', $data);
    }

    public function logSensitiveAction(int $userId, string $action, array $context): void
    {
        $data = [
            'user_id' => $userId,
            'action' => $action,
            'context' => json_encode($context),
            'ip' => $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'],
            'timestamp' => time()
        ];

        $this->log('audit', $data);
    }
}

Beveiligingsheaders

// Recommended security headers
header('X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff');
header('X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN');
header('X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block');
header('Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin');
header('Permissions-Policy: geolocation=(), microphone=(), camera=()');

// HSTS (only for HTTPS sites)
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] === 'on') {
    header('Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains');
}

Snelheidslimiet

class RateLimiter
{
    public function check(string $key, int $maxAttempts, int $windowSeconds): bool
    {
        $cacheKey = 'rate_limit:' . $key;
        $attempts = (int) $this->cache->get($cacheKey, 0);

        if ($attempts >= $maxAttempts) {
            return false; // Rate limited
        }

        $this->cache->increment($cacheKey, 1, $windowSeconds);
        return true;
    }
}

// Usage
$limiter = new RateLimiter();
if (!$limiter->check('login:' . $ip, 5, 300)) {
    throw new TooManyRequestsException('Too many login attempts');
}

Beveiligingscontrolelijst

Gerelateerde documentatie

Authenticatiesysteem
Toestemmingssysteem
Invoervalidatie