ADR-006 - Modul-Permission-System

ADR-006: Modul-Permission-System

Präzises, hierarchisches Permission-System für XOOPS Module mit granularer Zugriffskontrolle.

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Status

Akzeptiert - Implementiert in XOOPS 2.5.x und erweitert in XOOPS 4.0

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Context

Problem-Aussage

XOOPS Module benötigen flexible Permission-Kontrolle, die folgende Anforderungen ermöglicht:

1. Modul-level Permissions - Kann Benutzer dieses Modul zugreifen?
2. Object-level Permissions - Kann Benutzer auf dieses spezifische Element zugreifen?
3. Action-level Permissions - Kann Benutzer diese Aktion durchführen?
4. Custom Permissions - Können Module ihre eigenen Permissions definieren?

Aktueller Zustand

XOOPS 2.5 verwendet das XoopsGroupPermission-System:

<?php
$perm_handler = xoops_getHandler('groupperm');
$isAllowed = $perm_handler->checkRight(
    'modulename',
    'action',
    $itemId,
    $groupId
);

Challenges

1. Komplexe Abfragen - Permission-Checks erfordern Datenbank-Joins
2. Limitierte Hierarchie - Schwer, Permission-Gruppen zu erstellen
3. Schlechtes Caching - Kein eingebautes Permission-Caching
4. Modul-Variationen - Jedes Modul implementiert unterschiedlich
5. Leistung - Mehrfache DB-Abfragen für Permission-Checks

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Decision

Implementieren Sie hierarchisches Permission-System

Erstellen Sie ein standardisiertes, gecachtes Permission-System mit Unterstützung für:

1. Hierarchische Permissions - Vererbung von übergeordneten Gruppen
2. Rollenbasierter Zugriff - Permissions auf Rollen abbilden (Admin, Moderator, User, Guest)
3. Object Permissions - Präzise Kontrolle pro Element
4. Caching - Cache Permissions zur Abfrage-Reduzierung
5. Custom Permissions - Module definieren ihre eigenen
6. Audit Trail - Log Permission-Änderungen

Permission-Hierarchie

User
  └── Group 1 (Admin)
      └── Permission: admin_module
      └── Permission: edit_all_items
      └── Permission: delete_all_items
  └── Group 2 (Moderator)
      └── Permission: moderate_comments
      └── Permission: edit_own_items
  └── Group 3 (User)
      └── Permission: view_published_items
      └── Permission: edit_own_items
  └── Group 4 (Guest)
      └── Permission: view_published_items

Architektur

graph TB
    subgraph "Permission System"
        A["Permission Registry<br/>(Define permissions)"]
        B["Permission Checker<br/>(Check access)"]
        C["Permission Cache<br/>(Improve performance)"]
        D["Permission Audit Log<br/>(Track changes)"]
    end

    subgraph "Data Layer"
        E["Group Permissions Table"]
        F["User Groups Table"]
        G["Permission Definitions"]
    end

    A --> E
    B --> E
    B --> C
    C --> E
    D --> E
    F --> B

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Kern-Komponenten

1. Permission-Definition

<?php
// Module defines its permissions in xoops_version.php

$modversion['permissions'] = [
    [
        'name' => 'module_view',
        'description' => 'Can view module',
        'level' => 'module',
    ],
    [
        'name' => 'item_view',
        'description' => 'Can view items',
        'level' => 'item',
    ],
    [
        'name' => 'item_create',
        'description' => 'Can create items',
        'level' => 'item',
    ],
    [
        'name' => 'item_edit',
        'description' => 'Can edit items',
        'level' => 'item',
    ],
    [
        'name' => 'item_delete',
        'description' => 'Can delete items',
        'level' => 'item',
    ],
    [
        'name' => 'admin_manage',
        'description' => 'Can manage module',
        'level' => 'admin',
    ],
];

// Default permissions by group
$modversion['group_permissions'] = [
    // Admin group gets all permissions
    '1' => [
        'module_view' => 1,
        'item_view' => 1,
        'item_create' => 1,
        'item_edit' => 1,
        'item_delete' => 1,
        'admin_manage' => 1,
    ],
    // User group
    '3' => [
        'module_view' => 1,
        'item_view' => 1,
        'item_create' => 1,
        'item_edit' => 0,
        'item_delete' => 0,
        'admin_manage' => 0,
    ],
    // Guest group
    '4' => [
        'module_view' => 1,
        'item_view' => 1,
        'item_create' => 0,
        'item_edit' => 0,
        'item_delete' => 0,
        'admin_manage' => 0,
    ],
];

2. Permission-Checker

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace XoopsCore\Permission;

class PermissionChecker
{
    private PermissionCache $cache;
    private PermissionRepository $repository;

    public function hasPermission(
        User $user,
        string $permissionName,
        ?int $itemId = null
    ): bool {
        // Check cache first
        $cacheKey = "perm_{$user->getId()}_{$permissionName}_{$itemId}";
        if ($this->cache->has($cacheKey)) {
            return $this->cache->get($cacheKey);
        }

        $hasPermission = false;

        // Check all user groups
        foreach ($user->getGroups() as $group) {
            if ($this->checkGroupPermission($group, $permissionName, $itemId)) {
                $hasPermission = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        // Cache result
        $this->cache->set($cacheKey, $hasPermission, 3600);

        // Log high-level access checks
        if ($hasPermission && $this->shouldAuditLog($permissionName)) {
            $this->auditLog('PERMISSION_CHECKED', [
                'user_id' => $user->getId(),
                'permission' => $permissionName,
                'item_id' => $itemId,
                'result' => 'ALLOWED',
            ]);
        }

        return $hasPermission;
    }

    private function checkGroupPermission(
        Group $group,
        string $permissionName,
        ?int $itemId = null
    ): bool {
        $sql = 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ' . $this->table . '
                WHERE groupid = ?
                AND permission = ?
                AND itemid = ?
                AND granted = 1';

        $stmt = $this->db->prepare($sql);
        $stmt->execute([$group->getId(), $permissionName, $itemId ?? 0]);

        return $stmt->fetchColumn() > 0;
    }
}

3. Permission-Level

<?php
// Different permission levels with different scopes

class PermissionLevel
{
    // Module-level: Affects entire module
    public const LEVEL_MODULE = 'module';

    // Admin-level: Admin panel access
    public const LEVEL_ADMIN = 'admin';

    // Item-level: Specific objects/items
    public const LEVEL_ITEM = 'item';

    // Field-level: Specific object fields
    public const LEVEL_FIELD = 'field';

    // Action-level: Specific actions/operations
    public const LEVEL_ACTION = 'action';
}

4. Object-Level Permissions

<?php
// Fine-grained control for specific items

class Item extends XoopsObject
{
    /**
     * Check if user can view this item
     */
    public function canView(User $user): bool
    {
        // Public items anyone can view
        if ($this->getVar('status') === 'published') {
            return true;
        }

        // Owner can always view their items
        if ($this->getVar('user_id') === $user->getId()) {
            return true;
        }

        // Check group permissions
        $permChecker = xoops_getActiveModule()->getPermissionChecker();
        return $permChecker->hasPermission(
            $user,
            'item_view',
            $this->getVar('id')
        );
    }

    public function canEdit(User $user): bool
    {
        // Owner can edit their items
        if ($this->getVar('user_id') === $user->getId()) {
            return $permChecker->hasPermission($user, 'item_edit', $this->getVar('id'));
        }

        // Check if user can edit all items
        return $permChecker->hasPermission($user, 'item_edit_all', $this->getVar('id'));
    }

    public function canDelete(User $user): bool
    {
        return $permChecker->hasPermission($user, 'item_delete', $this->getVar('id'));
    }
}

5. Verwendung in Controllern

<?php
// Example: Article controller

class ArticleController
{
    private PermissionChecker $permChecker;

    public function view(int $id, User $user): Response
    {
        $article = $this->repository->find($id);

        // Check permission
        if (!$article->canView($user)) {
            throw new AccessDeniedException('Cannot view this article');
        }

        return new HtmlResponse($this->renderArticle($article));
    }

    public function edit(int $id, User $user): Response
    {
        $article = $this->repository->find($id);

        // Check permission
        if (!$article->canEdit($user)) {
            throw new AccessDeniedException('Cannot edit this article');
        }

        // Handle form submission
        if ($this->request->isMethod('POST')) {
            $article->setVar('title', $this->request->getPost('title'));
            $article->setVar('content', $this->request->getPost('content'));
            $this->repository->insert($article);

            $this->auditLog('ARTICLE_EDITED', ['id' => $id, 'user_id' => $user->getId()]);

            // Invalidate permission cache
            $this->permChecker->clearCache($user->getId());

            return new RedirectResponse('/article/' . $id);
        }

        return new HtmlResponse($this->renderForm($article));
    }

    public function delete(int $id, User $user): Response
    {
        $article = $this->repository->find($id);

        if (!$article->canDelete($user)) {
            throw new AccessDeniedException('Cannot delete this article');
        }

        $this->repository->delete($article);

        $this->auditLog('ARTICLE_DELETED', ['id' => $id, 'user_id' => $user->getId()]);

        // Invalidate cache
        $this->permChecker->clearCache($user->getId());

        return new JsonResponse(['success' => true]);
    }
}

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Consequences

Positive Auswirkungen

1. Granulare Kontrolle - Präzise Permission-Verwaltung
2. Standardisiert - Konsistent zwischen Modulen
3. Gecacht - Verbesserte Leistung mit Caching
4. Auditable - Verfolgen wer was geändert hat
5. Flexibel - Unterstützen Custom Permissions
6. Skalierbar - Verwalten komplexe Permission-Hierarchien
7. Testbar - Leicht zu Unit-Testen

Negative Auswirkungen

1. Komplexität - Mehr Code zu verwalten
2. Datenbank-Overhead - Mehr Tabellen und Joins
3. Cache-Invalidierung - Müssen Cache bei Änderungen löschen
4. Lernkurve - Entwickler müssen System verstehen
5. Leistung - Falls Cache nicht ordnungsgemäß konfiguriert

Risiken und Mitigationen

Risk	Severity	Mitigation
Overly complex permissions	Medium	Good defaults, documentation
Cache stale data	High	TTL, smart invalidation
Performance regression	Medium	Benchmark, optimize queries
Permission bypass	High	Security audit, tests

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Permission-Design-Muster

Pattern 1: Owner-basierte Permissions

<?php
// User can edit their own items but not others'

public function canEdit(User $user): bool
{
    // Owner can always edit
    if ($this->isOwner($user)) {
        return true;
    }

    // Check group permissions for editing others' items
    return $this->permChecker->hasPermission($user, 'edit_all_items');
}

private function isOwner(User $user): bool
{
    return $this->getVar('user_id') === $user->getId();
}

Pattern 2: Status-basierte Permissions

<?php
// Different permissions based on status

public function canView(User $user): bool
{
    switch ($this->getVar('status')) {
        case 'published':
            // Anyone with module permission can view
            return $this->permChecker->hasPermission($user, 'item_view');

        case 'draft':
            // Only owner or admin can view
            return $this->isOwner($user) ||
                   $this->permChecker->hasPermission($user, 'admin_manage');

        case 'archived':
            // Only admin can view
            return $this->permChecker->hasPermission($user, 'admin_manage');

        default:
            return false;
    }
}

Pattern 3: Rollenbasierte Permissions

<?php
// Check against specific roles

public function hasAdminRole(User $user): bool
{
    return $user->getGroups()->contains('admin_group');
}

public function hasModeratorRole(User $user): bool
{
    return $user->getGroups()->contains('moderator_group') ||
           $this->hasAdminRole($user);
}

public function canModerate(User $user): bool
{
    return $this->hasModeratorRole($user);
}

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Related Decisions

• ADR-001: Modular Architecture - Modules define permissions
• ADR-004: Security System - Foundation for security
• ADR-005: Middleware - Can enforce permissions

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References

Permission Models

• RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)
• ABAC (Attribute-Based Access Control)
• ACL (Access Control List)

Implementation

• Symfony Security
• Laravel Authorization

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Implementation Checklist

• Define standard permission levels
• Create PermissionChecker class
• Implement caching strategy
• Add audit logging
• Create helper functions
• Write comprehensive tests
• Document for developers
• Update all modules
• Performance optimization
• Security review

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Versions-Geschichte

Version	Date	Changes
1.0.0	2024-01-28	Initial document

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#xoops #adr #permissions #authorization #rbac #security