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Problemy z uprawnieniami plików i katalogów są powszechne w instalacjach XOOPS, szczególnie po przesłaniu lub migracji serwera. Ten przewodnik pomaga zdiagnozować i rozwiązać problemy z uprawnieniami.

Understanding File Permissions

Linux/Unix Permission Basics

File permissions are represented as three-digit codes:

rwxrwxrwx
||| ||| |||
||| ||| +-- Others (world)
||| +------ Group
+--------- Owner

r = read (4)
w = write (2)
x = execute (1)

755 = rwxr-xr-x (owner full, group read/execute, others read/execute)
644 = rw-r--r-- (owner read/write, group read, others read)
777 = rwxrwxrwx (everyone full access - NOT RECOMMENDED)

Common Permission Errors

”Permission denied” in Upload

Warning: fopen(/var/www/html/xoops/uploads/file.jpg): failed to open stream:
Permission denied in /var/www/html/xoops/class/file.php on line 42

”Unable to write file"

Error: Unable to write file to /var/www/html/xoops/cache/

"Cannot create directory”

Error: mkdir(/var/www/html/xoops/uploads/temp/): Permission denied

Critical XOOPS Directories

Directories Requiring Write Permissions

Directory	Minimum	Purpose
/uploads	755	User uploads
/cache	755	Cache files
/templates_c	755	Compiled templates
/var	755	Variable data
mainfile.php	644	Configuration (readable)

Linux/Unix Troubleshooting

Step 1: Check Current Permissions

# Check file permissions
ls -l /var/www/html/xoops/

# Check specific file
ls -l /var/www/html/xoops/mainfile.php

# Check directory permissions
ls -ld /var/www/html/xoops/uploads/

Step 2: Identify Web Server User

# Check Apache user
ps aux | grep -E '[a]pache|[h]ttpd'
# Usually: www-data (Debian/Ubuntu) or apache (RedHat/CentOS)

# Check Nginx user
ps aux | grep -E '[n]ginx'
# Usually: www-data or nginx

Step 3: Fix Ownership

# Set correct ownership (assuming www-data user)
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/xoops/

# Fix only web-writable directories
sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/xoops/uploads/
sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/xoops/cache/
sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/xoops/templates_c/
sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/xoops/var/

Step 4: Fix Permissions

Option A: Restrictive Permissions (Recommended)

# All directories: 755 (rwxr-xr-x)
find /var/www/html/xoops -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;

# All files: 644 (rw-r--r--)
find /var/www/html/xoops -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

# Except writable directories
chmod 755 /var/www/html/xoops/uploads/
chmod 755 /var/www/html/xoops/cache/
chmod 755 /var/www/html/xoops/templates_c/
chmod 755 /var/www/html/xoops/var/

Option B: All-at-once Script

fix-permissions.sh

#!/bin/bash
XOOPS_PATH="/var/www/html/xoops"
WEB_USER="www-data"

echo "Fixing XOOPS permissions..."

# Set ownership
sudo chown -R $WEB_USER:$WEB_USER $XOOPS_PATH

# Set directory permissions
find $XOOPS_PATH -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;

# Set file permissions
find $XOOPS_PATH -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

# Ensure writable directories
chmod 755 $XOOPS_PATH/uploads/
chmod 755 $XOOPS_PATH/cache/
chmod 755 $XOOPS_PATH/templates_c/
chmod 755 $XOOPS_PATH/var/

echo "Done! Permissions fixed."

Permission Issues by Directory

Uploads Directory

Problem: Can’t upload files

# Solution
sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/xoops/uploads/
chmod 755 /var/www/html/xoops/uploads/
find /var/www/html/xoops/uploads -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
find /var/www/html/xoops/uploads -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;

Cache Directory

Problem: Cache files not being written

# Solution
sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/xoops/cache/
chmod 755 /var/www/html/xoops/cache/

Templates Cache

Problem: Templates not compiling

# Solution
sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/xoops/templates_c/
chmod 755 /var/www/html/xoops/templates_c/

Windows Troubleshooting

Step 1: Check File Properties

1. Right-click file → Properties
2. Click “Security” tab
3. Click “Edit” button
4. Select user and verify permissions

Step 2: Grant Write Permissions

Via GUI:

1. Right-click folder → Properties
2. Select "Security" tab
3. Click "Edit"
4. Select "IIS_IUSRS" or "NETWORK SERVICE"
5. Check "Modify" and "Write"
6. Click "Apply" and "OK"

Via Command Line (PowerShell):

# Run PowerShell as Administrator

# Grant IIS app pool permissions
$path = "C:\inetpub\wwwroot\xoops\uploads"
$acl = Get-Acl $path
$rule = New-Object System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule(
    "IIS_IUSRS",
    "Modify",
    "ContainerInherit,ObjectInherit",
    "None",
    "Allow"
)
$acl.SetAccessRule($rule)
Set-Acl -Path $path -AclObject $acl

PHP Script to Check Permissions

check-xoops-permissions.php

<?php
$paths = [
    XOOPS_ROOT_PATH . '/uploads' => 'uploads',
    XOOPS_ROOT_PATH . '/cache' => 'cache',
    XOOPS_ROOT_PATH . '/templates_c' => 'templates_c',
    XOOPS_ROOT_PATH . '/var' => 'var',
    XOOPS_ROOT_PATH . '/mainfile.php' => 'mainfile.php'
];

echo "<h2>XOOPS Permission Check</h2>";
echo "<table border='1'>";
echo "<tr><th>Path</th><th>Readable</th><th>Writable</th></tr>";

foreach ($paths as $path => $name) {
    $readable = is_readable($path) ? 'YES' : 'NO';
    $writable = is_writable($path) ? 'YES' : 'NO';

    echo "<tr>";
    echo "<td>$name</td>";
    echo "<td style='background: " . ($readable === 'YES' ? 'green' : 'red') . "'>$readable</td>";
    echo "<td style='background: " . ($writable === 'YES' ? 'green' : 'red') . "'>$writable</td>";
    echo "</tr>";
}

echo "</table>";
?>

Best Practices

1. Principle of Least Privilege

# Only grant necessary permissions
# Don't use 777 or 666

# Bad
chmod 777 /var/www/html/xoops/uploads/  # Dangerous!

# Good
chmod 755 /var/www/html/xoops/uploads/  # Secure

2. Backup Before Changes

# Backup current state
getfacl -R /var/www/html/xoops > /tmp/xoops-acl-backup.txt

Quick Reference

# Quick fix (Linux)
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/xoops/
find /var/www/html/xoops -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
find /var/www/html/xoops -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

Related Documentation

• White-Screen-of-Death - Other common errors
• Database-Connection-Errors - Database issues
• ../../01-Getting-Started/Configuration/System-Settings - XOOPS configuration

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Last Updated: 2026-01-31 Applies To: XOOPS 2.5.7+ OS: Linux, Windows, macOS