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XOOPS의 클린 코드 원칙

클린 코드는 읽고, 이해하고, 유지 관리하기 쉬운 코드입니다. 이 가이드는 특히 XOOPS 모듈 개발에 적용되는 클린 코드 원칙을 다룹니다.

mindmap
root((Clean Code))
Readability
Meaningful Names
Small Functions
Comments When Needed
Simplicity
Single Responsibility
DRY Principle
KISS Principle
Maintainability
Consistent Style
Error Handling
Testing
// Bad
$d = new DateTime();
$u = $memberHandler->getUser($id);
$arr = [];
// Good
$createdDate = new DateTime();
$currentUser = $memberHandler->getUser($userId);
$publishedArticles = [];
// Bad
function process($data) { ... }
function handle($item) { ... }
function doStuff($x, $y) { ... }
// Good
function publishArticle(Article $article): void { ... }
function calculateTotalPrice(array $items): float { ... }
function sendNotificationEmail(User $user, string $subject): bool { ... }
// Bad
class Manager { ... }
class Helper { ... }
class Utils { ... }
// Good
class ArticleRepository { ... }
class NotificationService { ... }
class PermissionChecker { ... }
// Bad - does too many things
function processArticle($data) {
// Validate
if (empty($data['title'])) {
throw new Exception('Title required');
}
// Save
$article = new Article();
$article->setTitle($data['title']);
$this->repository->save($article);
// Notify
$this->mailer->send($article->getAuthor(), 'Article published');
// Log
$this->logger->info('Article created');
return $article;
}
// Good - each function does one thing
function validateArticleData(array $data): void
{
if (empty($data['title'])) {
throw new ValidationException('Title required');
}
}
function createArticle(array $data): Article
{
$this->validateArticleData($data);
return Article::create($data['title'], $data['content']);
}
function publishArticle(Article $article): void
{
$this->repository->save($article);
$this->notifyAuthor($article);
$this->logArticleCreation($article);
}

함수를 짧게 유지하세요. 이상적으로는 20줄 미만입니다.

// Good - focused function
public function getPublishedArticles(int $limit = 10): array
{
$criteria = new CriteriaCompo();
$criteria->add(new Criteria('status', 'published'));
$criteria->setSort('published_at');
$criteria->setOrder('DESC');
$criteria->setLimit($limit);
return $this->repository->getObjects($criteria);
}
// Bad - repeated code
function getActiveUsers() {
$criteria = new CriteriaCompo();
$criteria->add(new Criteria('level', 0, '>'));
$criteria->setSort('uname');
return $this->userHandler->getObjects($criteria);
}
function getActiveAdmins() {
$criteria = new CriteriaCompo();
$criteria->add(new Criteria('level', 0, '>'));
$criteria->add(new Criteria('is_admin', 1));
$criteria->setSort('uname');
return $this->userHandler->getObjects($criteria);
}
// Good - shared logic extracted
function getUsers(CriteriaCompo $criteria): array
{
$criteria->add(new Criteria('level', 0, '>'));
$criteria->setSort('uname');
return $this->userHandler->getObjects($criteria);
}
function getActiveUsers(): array
{
return $this->getUsers(new CriteriaCompo());
}
function getActiveAdmins(): array
{
$criteria = new CriteriaCompo();
$criteria->add(new Criteria('is_admin', 1));
return $this->getUsers($criteria);
}
// Bad - generic exceptions
throw new Exception('Error');
// Good - specific exceptions
throw new ArticleNotFoundException($articleId);
throw new PermissionDeniedException('Cannot edit article');
throw new ValidationException(['title' => 'Title is required']);
public function findArticle(string $id): ?Article
{
try {
return $this->repository->findById($id);
} catch (DatabaseException $e) {
$this->logger->error('Database error finding article', [
'id' => $id,
'error' => $e->getMessage()
]);
throw new ServiceException('Unable to retrieve article', 0, $e);
}
}
// Bad - obvious comment
// Increment counter
$counter++;
// Good - explains why, not what
// Cache for 1 hour to reduce database load during peak traffic
$cache->set($key, $data, 3600);
// Good - documents complex algorithm
/**
* Calculate article relevance score using TF-IDF algorithm.
* Higher scores indicate better match with search terms.
*/
function calculateRelevanceScore(Article $article, array $terms): float
{
// ...
}
class ArticleService
{
// 1. Constants
private const MAX_TITLE_LENGTH = 255;
// 2. Properties
private ArticleRepository $repository;
private EventDispatcher $events;
// 3. Constructor
public function __construct(
ArticleRepository $repository,
EventDispatcher $events
) {
$this->repository = $repository;
$this->events = $events;
}
// 4. Public methods
public function publish(Article $article): void { ... }
public function archive(Article $article): void { ... }
// 5. Private methods
private function validateForPublication(Article $article): void { ... }
}
  • 이름은 의미 있고 발음 가능합니다.
  • 함수는 한 가지 작업만 수행합니다.
  • 기능이 작습니다(< 20줄).
  • 중복된 코드 없음
  • 특정 예외를 포함한 적절한 오류 처리
  • 코멘트는 “무엇”이 아닌 “왜”를 설명합니다.
  • 일관된 형식 및 스타일
  • 마법의 숫자나 문자열이 없습니다.
  • 종속성은 생성되지 않고 주입됩니다.
  • 코드 구성
  • 오류 처리
  • 모범 사례 테스트
  • PHP 표준