XOOPS Alat za sastavljanje upita

XOOPS Query Builder pruža moderno, tečno sučelje za izradu SQL upita. Pomaže u sprječavanju ubacivanja SQL, poboljšava čitljivost i pruža apstrakciju baze podataka za više sustava baza podataka.

Arhitektura Query Builder

graph TD
    A[QueryBuilder] -->|builds| B[SELECT Queries]
    A -->|builds| C[INSERT Queries]
    A -->|builds| D[UPDATE Queries]
    A -->|builds| E[DELETE Queries]

    F[Table] -->|chains| G[select]
    F -->|chains| H[where]
    F -->|chains| I[orderBy]
    F -->|chains| J[limit]

    G -->|chains| K[join]
    G -->|chains| H
    H -->|chains| I
    I -->|chains| J

    L[Execute Methods] -->|returns| M[Results]
    L -->|returns| N[Count]
    L -->|returns| O[First/Last]

QueryBuilder klasa

Glavni alat za izradu upita class s tečnim sučeljem.

Pregled razreda

namespace Xoops\Database;

class QueryBuilder
{
    protected string $table = '';
    protected string $type = 'SELECT';
    protected array $selects = [];
    protected array $joins = [];
    protected array $wheres = [];
    protected array $orders = [];
    protected int $limit = 0;
    protected int $offset = 0;
    protected array $bindings = [];
}

Statičke metode

stol

Stvara novi alat za sastavljanje upita za tablicu.

public static function table(string $table): QueryBuilder

Parametri:

Parametar	Upišite	Opis
$table	niz	Naziv tablice (sa ili bez prefiksa)

Vraća: QueryBuilder - Instanca alata za izradu upita

Primjer:

$query = QueryBuilder::table('users');
$query = QueryBuilder::table('xoops_users'); // With prefix

SELECT Upiti

odaberite

Određuje stupce za odabir.

public function select(...$columns): self

Parametri:

Parametar	Upišite	Opis
...$columns	niz	Nazivi stupaca ili izrazi

Povratak: self - Za ulančavanje metoda

Primjer:

// Simple select
QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('id', 'username', 'email')
    ->get();

// Select with aliases
QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('id as user_id', 'username as name')
    ->get();

// Select all columns
QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('*')
    ->get();

// Select with expressions
QueryBuilder::table('orders')
    ->select('id', 'COUNT(*) as total_items')
    ->groupBy('id')
    ->get();

gdje

Dodaje uvjet WHERE.

public function where(string $column, string $operator = '=', mixed $value = null): self

Parametri:

Parametar	Upišite	Opis
$column	niz	Naziv stupca
$operator	niz	Operator usporedbe
$value	mješoviti	Vrijednost za usporedbu

Povratak: self - Za ulančavanje metoda

Operateri:

Operater	Opis	Primjer
=	Jednako	->where('status', '=', 'active')
!= ili <>	Nije jednako	->where('status', '!=', 'deleted')
>	Veći od	->where('price', '>', 100)
<	Manje od	->where('price', '<', 100)
>=	Veće ili jednako	->where('age', '>=', 18)
<=	Manje ili jednako	->where('age', '<=', 65)
LIKE	Podudaranje uzorka	->where('name', 'LIKE', '%john%')
IN	Na popisu	->where('status', 'IN', ['active', 'pending'])
NOT IN	Nije na popisu	->where('id', 'NOT IN', [1, 2, 3])
BETWEEN	Raspon	->where('age', 'BETWEEN', [18, 65])
IS NULL	Je nula	->where('deleted_at', 'IS NULL')
IS NOT NULL	Nije null	->where('deleted_at', 'IS NOT NULL')

Primjer:

// Single condition
QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('*')
    ->where('status', '=', 'active')
    ->get();

// Multiple conditions (AND)
QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('*')
    ->where('status', '=', 'active')
    ->where('age', '>=', 18)
    ->get();

// IN operator
QueryBuilder::table('products')
    ->select('*')
    ->where('category_id', 'IN', [1, 2, 3])
    ->get();

// LIKE operator
QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('*')
    ->where('email', 'LIKE', '%@example.com')
    ->get();

// NULL check
QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('*')
    ->where('deleted_at', 'IS NULL')
    ->get();

ili Gdje

Dodaje uvjet ILI.

public function orWhere(string $column, string $operator = '=', mixed $value = null): self

Primjer:

QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('*')
    ->where('status', '=', 'active')
    ->orWhere('premium', '=', 1)
    ->get();
    // SELECT * FROM users WHERE status = 'active' OR premium = 1

whereIn / whereNotIn

Prikladne metode za IN/NOT IN.

public function whereIn(string $column, array $values): self
public function whereNotIn(string $column, array $values): self

Primjer:

QueryBuilder::table('posts')
    ->select('*')
    ->whereIn('status', ['published', 'scheduled'])
    ->get();

QueryBuilder::table('comments')
    ->select('*')
    ->whereNotIn('spam_score', [8, 9, 10])
    ->get();

whereNull / whereNotNull

Pogodne metode za NULL provjere.

public function whereNull(string $column): self
public function whereNotNull(string $column): self

Primjer:

QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('*')
    ->whereNotNull('verified_at')
    ->get();

gdje Između

Provjerava je li vrijednost između dvije vrijednosti.

public function whereBetween(string $column, array $values): self

Primjer:

QueryBuilder::table('products')
    ->select('*')
    ->whereBetween('price', [10, 100])
    ->get();

QueryBuilder::table('orders')
    ->select('*')
    ->whereBetween('created_at', ['2024-01-01', '2024-12-31'])
    ->get();

pridruži se

Dodaje INNER JOIN.

public function join(
    string $table,
    string $first,
    string $operator = '=',
    string $second = null
): self

Primjer:

QueryBuilder::table('posts')
    ->select('posts.*', 'users.username', 'categories.name')
    ->join('users', 'posts.user_id', '=', 'users.id')
    ->join('categories', 'posts.category_id', '=', 'categories.id')
    ->where('posts.published', '=', 1)
    ->get();

lijevoJoin / desnoJoin

Alternativni tipovi spajanja.

public function leftJoin(
    string $table,
    string $first,
    string $operator = '=',
    string $second = null
): self

public function rightJoin(
    string $table,
    string $first,
    string $operator = '=',
    string $second = null
): self

Primjer:

QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('users.*', 'COUNT(posts.id) as post_count')
    ->leftJoin('posts', 'users.id', '=', 'posts.user_id')
    ->groupBy('users.id')
    ->get();

groupBy

Grupira rezultate po stupcima.

public function groupBy(...$columns): self

Primjer:

QueryBuilder::table('orders')
    ->select('user_id', 'COUNT(*) as order_count', 'SUM(total) as total_spent')
    ->groupBy('user_id')
    ->get();

QueryBuilder::table('sales')
    ->select('department', 'region', 'SUM(amount) as total')
    ->groupBy('department', 'region')
    ->get();

imati

Dodaje uvjet HAVING.

public function having(string $column, string $operator = '=', mixed $value = null): self

Primjer:

QueryBuilder::table('orders')
    ->select('user_id', 'COUNT(*) as order_count')
    ->groupBy('user_id')
    ->having('order_count', '>', 5)
    ->get();

orderBy

Rezultati narudžbi.

public function orderBy(string $column, string $direction = 'ASC'): self

Parametri:| Parametar | Upišite | Opis | |-----------|------|-------------| | $column | niz | Stupac za poredak prema | | $direction | niz | ASC ili DESC |

Primjer:

// Single order
QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('*')
    ->orderBy('created_at', 'DESC')
    ->get();

// Multiple orders
QueryBuilder::table('posts')
    ->select('*')
    ->orderBy('category_id', 'ASC')
    ->orderBy('created_at', 'DESC')
    ->get();

// Random order
QueryBuilder::table('quotes')
    ->select('*')
    ->orderBy('RAND()')
    ->get();

ograničenje / pomak

Ograničava i kompenzira rezultate.

public function limit(int $limit): self
public function offset(int $offset): self

Primjer:

// Simple limit
QueryBuilder::table('posts')
    ->select('*')
    ->limit(10)
    ->get();

// Pagination
$page = 2;
$perPage = 20;
$offset = ($page - 1) * $perPage;

QueryBuilder::table('posts')
    ->select('*')
    ->limit($perPage)
    ->offset($offset)
    ->get();

Metode izvršenja

dobiti

Izvršava upit i vraća sve rezultate.

public function get(): array

Vraća: array - Niz redaka rezultata

Primjer:

$users = QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('id', 'username', 'email')
    ->where('status', '=', 'active')
    ->orderBy('username')
    ->get();

foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo $user['username'] . ' (' . $user['email'] . ')' . "\n";
}

prvi

Dobiva prvi rezultat.

public function first(): ?array

Vraća: ?array - prvi red ili nula

Primjer:

$user = QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('*')
    ->where('id', '=', 123)
    ->first();

if ($user) {
    echo 'Found: ' . $user['username'];
}

posljednji

Dobiva posljednji rezultat.

public function last(): ?array

Primjer:

$latestPost = QueryBuilder::table('posts')
    ->select('*')
    ->orderBy('created_at', 'DESC')
    ->last();

brojati

Dobiva broj rezultata.

public function count(): int

Povratak: int - Broj redaka

Primjer:

$activeUsers = QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->where('status', '=', 'active')
    ->count();

echo "Active users: $activeUsers";

postoji

Provjerava daje li upit rezultate.

public function exists(): bool

Vraća: bool - Istina ako rezultati postoje

Primjer:

if (QueryBuilder::table('users')->where('email', '=', 'test@example.com')->exists()) {
    echo 'User already exists';
}

agregat

Dobiva agregatne vrijednosti.

public function aggregate(string $function, string $column): mixed

Primjer:

$maxPrice = QueryBuilder::table('products')
    ->aggregate('MAX', 'price');

$avgAge = QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->aggregate('AVG', 'age');

$totalSales = QueryBuilder::table('orders')
    ->aggregate('SUM', 'total');

INSERT Upiti

umetnite

Umeće redak.

public function insert(array $values): bool

Primjer:

QueryBuilder::table('users')->insert([
    'username' => 'john',
    'email' => 'john@example.com',
    'password' => password_hash('secret', PASSWORD_BCRYPT),
    'created_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')
]);

umetni mnogo

Umeće više redaka.

public function insertMany(array $rows): bool

Primjer:

QueryBuilder::table('log_entries')->insertMany([
    ['action' => 'login', 'user_id' => 1, 'timestamp' => time()],
    ['action' => 'logout', 'user_id' => 2, 'timestamp' => time()],
    ['action' => 'update', 'user_id' => 3, 'timestamp' => time()]
]);

AŽURIRAJ Upiti

ažuriranje

Ažurira retke.

public function update(array $values): int

Vraća: int - Broj zahvaćenih redaka

Primjer:

// Update single user
QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->where('id', '=', 123)
    ->update([
        'email' => 'newemail@example.com',
        'updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')
    ]);

// Update multiple rows
QueryBuilder::table('posts')
    ->where('status', '=', 'draft')
    ->where('created_at', '<', date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-30 days')))
    ->update([
        'status' => 'archived'
    ]);

povećanje / smanjenje

Povećava ili smanjuje stupac.

public function increment(string $column, int $amount = 1): int
public function decrement(string $column, int $amount = 1): int

Primjer:

// Increment view count
QueryBuilder::table('posts')
    ->where('id', '=', 123)
    ->increment('views');

// Decrement stock
QueryBuilder::table('products')
    ->where('id', '=', 456)
    ->decrement('stock', 5);

IZBRIŠI upite

izbriši

Briše retke.

public function delete(): int

Vraća: int - Broj izbrisanih redaka

Primjer:

// Delete single record
QueryBuilder::table('comments')
    ->where('id', '=', 789)
    ->delete();

// Delete multiple records
QueryBuilder::table('log_entries')
    ->where('created_at', '<', date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-30 days')))
    ->delete();

skrati

Briše sve retke iz tablice.

public function truncate(): bool

Primjer:

// Clear all sessions
QueryBuilder::table('sessions')->truncate();

Napredne značajke

Sirovi izrazi

QueryBuilder::table('products')
    ->select('id', 'name', QueryBuilder::raw('price * quantity as total'))
    ->get();

Podupiti

$recentPostIds = QueryBuilder::table('posts')
    ->select('id')
    ->where('created_at', '>', date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-7 days')))
    ->toSql();

$comments = QueryBuilder::table('comments')
    ->select('*')
    ->whereIn('post_id', $recentPostIds)
    ->get();

Dobivanje SQL

public function toSql(): string

Primjer:

$sql = QueryBuilder::table('users')
    ->select('id', 'username')
    ->where('status', '=', 'active')
    ->toSql();

echo $sql;
// SELECT id, username FROM xoops_users WHERE status = ?

Potpuni primjeri

Složeni odabir sa spojevima

<?php
/**
 * Get posts with author and category info
 */

$posts = QueryBuilder::table('posts')
    ->select(
        'posts.id',
        'posts.title',
        'posts.content',
        'posts.created_at',
        'users.username as author',
        'categories.name as category'
    )
    ->join('users', 'posts.user_id', '=', 'users.id')
    ->join('categories', 'posts.category_id', '=', 'categories.id')
    ->where('posts.published', '=', 1)
    ->orderBy('posts.created_at', 'DESC')
    ->limit(10)
    ->get();

foreach ($posts as $post) {
    echo '<article>';
    echo '<h2>' . htmlspecialchars($post['title']) . '</h2>';
    echo '<p class="meta">By ' . htmlspecialchars($post['author']) . ' in ' . htmlspecialchars($post['category']) . '</p>';
    echo '<p>' . htmlspecialchars($post['content']) . '</p>';
    echo '</article>';
}

Paginacija s QueryBuilderom

<?php
/**
 * Paginated results
 */

$page = isset($_GET['page']) ? (int)$_GET['page'] : 1;
$perPage = 20;
$offset = ($page - 1) * $perPage;

// Get total count
$total = QueryBuilder::table('articles')
    ->where('status', '=', 'published')
    ->count();

// Get page results
$articles = QueryBuilder::table('articles')
    ->select('*')
    ->where('status', '=', 'published')
    ->orderBy('created_at', 'DESC')
    ->limit($perPage)
    ->offset($offset)
    ->get();

// Calculate pagination
$pages = ceil($total / $perPage);

// Display results
foreach ($articles as $article) {
    echo '<div class="article">' . htmlspecialchars($article['title']) . '</div>';
}

// Display pagination links
if ($pages > 1) {
    echo '<nav class="pagination">';
    for ($i = 1; $i <= $pages; $i++) {
        if ($i == $page) {
            echo '<span class="current">' . $i . '</span>';
        } else {
            echo '<a href="?page=' . $i . '">' . $i . '</a>';
        }
    }
    echo '</nav>';
}

Analiza podataka s agregatima

<?php
/**
 * Sales analysis
 */

// Total sales by region
$regionSales = QueryBuilder::table('orders')
    ->select('region', QueryBuilder::raw('SUM(total) as total_sales'), QueryBuilder::raw('COUNT(*) as order_count'))
    ->groupBy('region')
    ->orderBy('total_sales', 'DESC')
    ->get();

foreach ($regionSales as $region) {
    echo $region['region'] . ': $' . number_format($region['total_sales'], 2) . ' (' . $region['order_count'] . ' orders)' . "\n";
}

// Average order value
$avgOrderValue = QueryBuilder::table('orders')
    ->aggregate('AVG', 'total');

echo 'Average order value: $' . number_format($avgOrderValue, 2);

Najbolji primjeri iz prakse

1. Koristite parametrizirane upite - QueryBuilder automatski rukuje vezanjem parametara
2. Lančane metode - Iskoristite tečno sučelje za čitljiv kod
3. Testirajte izlaz SQL - Koristite toSql() za provjeru generiranih upita
4. Koristite indekse - Osigurajte da su stupci koji se često postavljaju upite indeksirani
5. Ograničeni rezultati - Uvijek koristite limit() za velike skupove podataka
6. Koristite agregate - Neka baza podataka radi brojanje/zbrajanje umjesto PHP
7. Escape Output - Uvijek izbjegni prikazane podatke pomoću htmlspecialchars()
8. Izvedba indeksa - Pratite spore upite i optimizirajte ih u skladu s tim

Povezana dokumentacija

• XoopsDatabase - Sloj baze podataka i veze
• Kriteriji - naslijeđeni sustav upita temeljen na kriterijima
• ../Core/XoopsObject - Postojanost podatkovnog objekta
• ../Module/Module-System - Operacije baze podataka modula

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Vidi također: XOOPS baza podataka API